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1 SIÐR
(-ar, -ir, acc. -u), m.1) custom, habit (þat mun hér vera s., at menn ganga vápnlausir fyrir konung);2) conduct, moral life (spilla ill mál góðum siðum);3) religion, faith; inn forni s., the ancient (heathen) faith; inn nýi s., the new (Christian) faith; kristinn s., the Christian religion; heiðinn s., heathenism; í fornum sið, in the olden, or heathen, times.* * *m., gen. siðar, dat. sið, pl. siðir, acc. siðu, mod. siði, [Ulf. sidus = ήθος; Hel. sidu; O. H. G. situ; Germ. sitte; Dan. sæd; Swed. sed]:—custom, habit, manner, Lat. mos, a word of importance and wide use; sjá, kanna annarra manna siðu, Sks. 17; sem þá var víða siðr til, Bs. i. 41; þat mun hér vera siðr, Eg. 110; sæmileikr hennar ok siðir, Str. 21; konungliga siðu, kaupmanna siðu, lærðra manna siðu, … siðu ok athæfi, Sks. 5; lands-siðr, the custom of the land; í fyrnskunni var sá siðr, at …, N. G. L. ii. 416: conversation, falla í sið með mönnum, to live sociably, Þiðr. 149 (sið-blendinn).2. conduct, moral life [Lat. mores]; góðir siðir, þat er upphaf allra góðra siða at elska Guð, N. G. L. ii. 419; hann tók at semja heima-manna siðu ok híbýla-háttu, Bs. i. 102; sjá ok nema góða siðu, 271; at hvergi hefði þeir séð fegri siðu, id.; siða-tjón, Sks. 352; ó-siðir, ill manners, a wicked life, Bs. i. 62, N. G. L. ii 419; það er ó-siðr, ‘tis ill-breeding.3. siðr (also in plur.) is the old and expressive word for religion, faith, as it appears in the life, laws, habits, and rites of a people; thus, inn Forni siðr, the ancient (heathen) faith; inn Nýi siðr, the new (Christian) faith; Kristinn siðr, the Christian religion; Heiðinn siðr, heathenism, etc.; snúa öllum til Kristins siðar, 655 iii. 3; eptir því sem mér skilsk, eru mjök sundrlausir siðir várir, Bs. i. 38; skurðgoða-blót ak allan heiðinn sið, 43; at þeir mætti sjá atferði siðar þess, er Kristnir menn höfðu, Ld. 174; er þat ok nær mínu hugborði, at þú, Kjartan, hafir betra sið þá er þú siglir af Noregi enn þá er þu komt hegat, 172; geldr at nýbreytni konungs, ok þessa ens nýja siðar er goðin hafa reiðsk … hversu ertú fúss, frændi, at taka við trú þeirri er konungr býðr?—Ekki em ek þess fúss, segir Bolli, þvíat mér lízt siðr þeirra veykligr mjök, 168, 170; kom þat ásamt með þeim, at níta sið þeim er konungr bauð, 166; Ólafr konungr boðaði siða-skipti þar í landi, Fms. ii. 26; þat spurðisk þar með at siða-skipti var orðit í Noregi, höfðu þeir kastað enum forna sið … Ok ef þeir menn koma út hingat er þann sið bjóða, þá skal ek þat vel flytja, Nj. 156; þeir hafa Ebreska tíða-görð ok alla siðu, Symb. 57; þeir biskup fóru með nýjan sið, Fs. 76; með nýjum sið ok boðorðum. 91; siðar þess er várir foreldrar hata haft, O. H. L. 23; í fornum sið, in the olden times, in the heathen times: hann var göfgastr allra herkonunga ok bezt at sér í fornum sið, Fb. i. 349. The same term was afterwards used of the Reformation (the Reformed faith as opp. to the Roman Catholic faith), [cp. Germ. die alte Sitten]; féllu þeir helzt í sið með herra Gizuri biskupi, sira Gísli Jónsson …, Bs. ii. 250; nokkuð ágrip um gömlu siðina, 247; hann tók af alla Pápista siðu, 249; vegna þeirra nýju siða, Safn i. 682.4. a rite, ceremonial, esp. in plur.; brúðkaups-siðir, bridal ceremonies; kirkju-siðir. church rites; hirð-siðir, court ceremonies; borð-siðir, table ceremonies.COMPDS: siðabót, siðamaðr, siðasamr, siðaskipti, siðavandr, siðavendni. -
2 síðr
(-ar, -ir, acc. -u), m.1) custom, habit (þat mun hér vera s., at menn ganga vápnlausir fyrir konung);2) conduct, moral life (spilla ill mál góðum siðum);3) religion, faith; inn forni s., the ancient (heathen) faith; inn nýi s., the new (Christian) faith; kristinn s., the Christian religion; heiðinn s., heathenism; í fornum sið, in the olden, or heathen, times.* * *compar., answering to síð, q. v. [cp. Goth. seiþs = later]:—less: litlu síðr (síðarr Ed.) en hann, little less than he, Fb. ii. 23; er menn eigu síðr sakir við menn, Grág. ii. 137; á þeirra dómr at rofna er síðr hafa at lögum dæmt, i. 80; hann var kærr konungi, ok eigi síðr dróttningu, Fms. i. 99; eigi síðr enn þú, 216, x. 179 (in a verse); eigi síðr en í harðræðum, Nj. 263, Fb. ii. 38; engu síðr, no less, Fms. vi. 92; miklu síðr, viii. 21; en at síðr vóru menn sjálfráði fyrir honum, at…, it was so far from it, that even … (cp. Dan. end-sige, changing ð into g), Ó. H. 34; er þér at síðr fært með þessi orðsendingu, at ek hygg at…, 53; eigi at síðr, not the less; þeir héldu fram ferð sinni eigi at síðr, all the same, Fms. i. 228; eigi héldu Væringjar at síðr til bardaga, Fb. ii. 381; eigi því síðr, not the less, Stj. 158; þykki þér athygli vert, bóndi, hvar krákan flýgr?—Eigi er þat síðr, segir bóndi, not the less! (i. e. yes) said the man, Fms. vi. 446.2. as a conjunction, lest; síðr þú Ásum öfund um gjaldir, Ls. 12; síðr oss Loki kveði lusta-stöfum, 10; síðr þitt (þic?) um heilli halir, lest men bewitch thee, Hm. 130.II. superl. sízt, the least; er oss gegnir sízt, Fms. viii. 21; sem sízt, not in the least, Eluc. 122 (Ed.), passim. -
3 SÍÐR
(-ar, -ir, acc. -u), m.1) custom, habit (þat mun hér vera s., at menn ganga vápnlausir fyrir konung);2) conduct, moral life (spilla ill mál góðum siðum);3) religion, faith; inn forni s., the ancient (heathen) faith; inn nýi s., the new (Christian) faith; kristinn s., the Christian religion; heiðinn s., heathenism; í fornum sið, in the olden, or heathen, times.* * *sið, sítt, adj. [A. S. síd; Old Engl. side], long hanging, Lat. demissus, of clothes, hair, or the like; hár sítt ok flókit, Fms. x. 192; lokkar síðir til jarðar, vii. 169; sítt skegg, Ó. H. 66; kampa-síðr, Skíða R. 90; vóru honum heldr síð herklæði konungs, Stj. 464; sítt pillz, Fas. ii. 342; síðar slæður, Rm. 26; síðar brynjur, Gh. 7; brynja rúm ok síð, Þiðr. 81; drag-síðr (q. v.), long-trailing; skó-síðr, reaching to the shoes (a petticoat); knésíðr, reaching to the knee; síðar hendr, long arms, Skíða R. 8; síða hjálma, Anal. 219; hann hafði síðan hatt yfir hjálmi, a hood dropping low over the face, Eg. 407; mikla lengju ok síða, Skíða R. 27.2. neut. sítt; falda sítt, to wear a hood low over the face, Fms. vii. 161, xi. 106.B. COMPDS: síðfaldinn, Síðhöttr, síðklæddr, síðnefr, síðskeggjaðr, Síðskeggr, síðskota. -
4 prim-signa
d and að, [Lat., an eccl. word], to give the ‘prima signatio’ or ‘signaculum crucis’ a religious act, preliminary to christening; persons thus signed with the cross were catechumens, and if adults they could join in the social life among Christians; they were also admitted to a special part of the mass (primsigndra messa = the mass for the ‘prime-signed’), whereas all intercourse with heathens was forbidden. An infant who died, having received the prima signatio, but not baptism, was to be buried in the outskirts of the churchyard, where the consecrated and unconsecrated earth meet, and without burial service,—ef barn andask primsignt, ok hefir eigi verit skírt (primsignt ok hefir eigi meiri skírn, Sb. l. c.) ok skal þat grafa við kirkju-garð út, þar er mætisk vígð mold ok úvígð, ok syngva eigi legsöng yfir, K. Þ. K. (Kb.) 7. A monster-shapen infant was to receive the prima signatio, but not baptism, and then to be left to die (exposed) at the church door—þat barn (a monster-child) skal ok til kirkju bera, láta primsigna, leggja fyrir kirkju-dyr, gæti inn nánasti niðr til þess er önd er ór, N. G. L. i. 339; í þessi efan primsigni prestr ok skíri, iii. 251; hann primsignaði hann fyrst ok skírði hann síðan eptir siðvenju, Barl. 147. The words in the English Prayer Book—‘and do sign him (her) with the sign of the cross’—are remains of the ‘signaculum crucis’ of the ancient church. During the heathen age the Scandinavian merchants and warriors who served among Christians abroad in England or Germany used to take the prima signatio, for it enabled them to live both among Christians and heathens without receiving baptism and forsaking their old faith; ek em primsigndr at eins en eigi skírðr, I am ‘prime-signed,’ but not baptized, Fms. ii. 240, Valla L. 205, Kristni S. ch. 1, 2, Fb. i. 346, 357, ii. 137, 243; England var Kristið ok hafði lengi verit þá er þetta var tíðenda, Aðalsteinn konungr var vel Kristinn … hann bað Þórólf ok þá bræðr at þeir skyldi láta primsignask, þvíat þat var þá mikill siðr, bæði með kaupmönnum ok þeim er á mála gengu með Kristnum mönnum, þvíat þeir menn, er primsigndir vóru, höfðu allt samneyti við Kristna menn ok svá heiðna, en höfðu þat at átrúnaði er þeim var skapfeldast, Eg. 265, Gísl. 96: see also Vita Anscarii, ch. 24. These ‘prime-signed’ men, returning to their native land, brought with them the first notions of Christianity into the heathen Northern countries, having lived among Christians, and seen their daily life and worship, and they undoubtedly paved the way for the final acceptance of the Christian faith among their countrymen. It may even be that some strange heathen rites of the last days of paganism, such as the bjannak (q. v.), the sprinkling of infants with water, were due to this cause.
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